Chapter Notes

The Cell Theory states:

	All organisms are made up of one or more cells.
	Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all organisms.
	All cells come from preexisting cells.

Notable people in the study of cells:

	Robert Hooke gave cells their name.
	Matthias Schleiden said all plants were made of cells.
	Theodor Schwann said all animals were made of cells.
	Rudolph Virchow said all cells come from other living cells.

Types of Cells:

	Prokaryotic cells have no membrane around their nuclear material
	Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and easily recognizable organelles.

Cell Facts:

Cells come in different shapes because they have different functions.

The largest single cell in the world is the ostrich egg.

The longest cell in the human body is a nerve cell... about 36 inches long.

The egg is the largest cell in the female's body... about the size of a period.

Organelle basically means "little organ".

About 80 percent of a cell's weight is water.

Animal cells generally contain more mitochondria than plant cells because animal cells are more active thus requiring more energy.

Prokaryotic	cells with no recognizable organelles; "Pro" (before)
Eukaryotic	cells that have a nucleus and recognizable organelles; "Eu" (true)
cell membrane	controls movement of materials into and out of the cell
cytoplasm	gel-like material that contains water, salt, and dissolved nutrients
organelles	membrane-bound structures in eukaryotic cells
nucleus	the control center of the cell
chromosomes	contain instructions for cellular activities
ribosomes	structures that make proteins
Golgi bodies	organelle that moves proteins in the cell
mitochondrion	organelle that breaks down food to produce energy for the cell
lysosome	organelle that digests wastes, bacteria, and old cells; found only in animal cells
vacuole	storage area for the cell
cell wall	gives shape and support to the cell. Found only in plant cells.
chloroplast	organelle that produces food for the plant cell by photosynthesis
endoplasmic reticulum	canals that move materials around the inside of the cell
in vitro	outside organism or cell
in vivo	inside organism or cell